TERMBASES
This refers to a style of painting in which ink shades
are manipulated through dilution, and color use is minimal. It is also known as
traditional Chinese or typically Chinese painting. The materials used include ink
and water, a painting brush, and rice paper. Through adjusting the proportion
of water to ink, the final image varies between light and dark, wet and dry,
and thick and thin ink, thus producing varying degrees of color intensity. An
ink wash painting normally consists of only ink and water, or of black and
white. A more refined ink wash painting, on the other hand, may also feature an
elaborate style of painting with flowers and birds in splendid hues, also known
as "colored ink wash painting." On the whole, Chinese ink wash
painting is impressionistic when depicting distant objects, but realistic about
nearby ones. Through the skillful manipulation of color contrasts and the production
of artistic ambience, the painter brings forth the value of a painting's
"spiritual liveliness."
This refers to paintings produced by ancient Chinese scholars and writers, as distinguished from those by craftsmen or court-hired artists. It is a sub-category of traditional Chinese painting, also known as "scholarly painting," "southern school painting," or simply "southern painting." Although Su Shi (1037-1101), a renowned Song Dynasty poet, first advanced this idea, Ming Dynasty painter and calligrapher Dong Qichang (1555-1636) regarded the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei (701?-761) as the true pioneer of literati painting. Its authors typically drew inspiration from scenery and image of mountains, rivers, trees, flowers, and birds, focusing on expressing their subjective perceptions and inner selves. Their works sometimes showed resentment and discontent with certain social phenomena. Stressing skillful use of brush and ink, literati painting transcended the restraints of form and technique, imbuing itself with real taste and verve.