This refers to not contending for personal interest, power and other things and not involving in various infighting or strife. Excessive desire for material gains and power leads to contention, strife or even violence. Uncontrolled contention results in decline of public moral and breakdown of social order. This is why both Confucianism and Daoism b…
This term is an alternative designation for China. According to The Book of History, the country consisted of nine zhou (州), namely Jizhou, Yanzhou, Qingzhou, Xuzhou, Yangzhou, Jingzhou, Yuzhou, Liangzhou, and Yongzhou. There are similar references to the nine zhou in classic works of the same or later period, such as The Rituals of Zhou, Er Ya, an…
The ability to recognize individuals with both moral virtue and competence, or to discern the merits and shortcomings of people, has been a profound pursuit throughout Chinese history. Many historical classics suggest that the future of a well-governed state hinges on its ability to recognize and leverage the role of virtuous and competent individua…