This metaphor is used to describe anybody or anything that is very beautiful both internally and externally. It's a term used in ancient times to critique individuals and literary works. It applies to an intellectually brilliant and morally upright person, or to a piece of prose or poetry beautiful in wording and rich in thought. A person with the …

As the Chinese translation of the Sanskrit word "sama," pingdeng (平等) means the same level with no difference. As a fundamental concept of Buddhism, it originally meant that there was no difference between the various castes. Later on, in Mahayana Buddhism and Buddhism adapted to the Chinese conditions, such as Zen Buddhism, it was believed that t…

Music itself should not be divided into joyful music and sad music – it can only accommodate or inspire feelings. This idea was first raised by Ji Kang (223-262 or 224-263) of the Three Kingdoms period. Ji held that music should be separated from emotion and aspiration. Emotion and aspiration, he said, are controlled by the soul and show themselves…

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