This term has two meanings. First, it means words, sentences, paragraphs, or an entire text. In his literary critique, The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons, Liu Xie (465?-520) of the Southern Dynasties discussed the general principles and rules governing the wording, syntax, paragraphs arrangement and text composition in writing. While str…
This refers to not contending for personal interest, power and other things and not involving in various infighting or strife. Excessive desire for material gains and power leads to contention, strife or even violence. Uncontrolled contention results in decline of public moral and breakdown of social order. This is why both Confucianism and Daoism b…
The term means to make political reform together with the people. Gengshi (更始) means to make a fresh start. The term used to refer to a new emperor ascending the throne, taking a new reign title or implementing a series of new policies. Later, it came to mean that the rulers worked together with the people trying to change the status quo and openi…