Gu (故) denotes the cause of things. This causal connection, represented by gu, forms a fundamental relationship among things. Analyzing these causes is vital for discerning things. Understanding the causes shaping events enables one to handle situations appropriately and guide their development effectively.

The term means to accumulate as much as possible but to release a little at a time. This often refers to the process of scholarly research or artistic creation, in which one should first extensively absorb the knowledge and results of others to acquire a wealth of knowledge and lay a solid foundation. On this basis, one is engaged in further scholar…

This refers to evil prevailing over good and falsehood being mistaken for truth in literature and art as well as in social life. It is red, not purple, that was viewed as a truly proper color by the ancient Chinese. Confucius(551-479 BC), upset by the loss of judgment over good and evil, and by the fact that vulgar music was taking the place of re…

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