Honor and disgrace are evaluations of and feedback on the conduct of individuals or groups. People are judged on socially accepted values. One is honored if one complies with these values in both words and actions; and one is disgraced if one violates such values. Honor and disgrace also refer to how individuals or groups regard their own conduct mo…

This expression refers to pursuing conciliatory and benevolent policies and offering benefits to tribes and groups in remote areas. It was a political concept adopted by successive governments led mostly by the Han people in their relations with other ethnic groups, tribes in remote areas not yet directly under their rule, and foreign states. It als…

The term refers to taking action after having reflected several times (The number three is often used in ancient literature to mean several or many times). This is a kind of attitude handling things too cautiously. An appropriate measure of reflection is a prerequisite for proper speech and action, but if one becomes too cautious, then hesitation a…

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