A person skilled at warfare will achieve victory by using or creating a strategic position favorable to himself. A “strategic position” refers to the overall situation or state resulting from the deployment and actions of two opposing forces. A strategic position can be enormously powerful and is a critical factor which affects victory and defeat.…

This term means heaven’s work, or a responsibility assigned by heaven. “Heaven’s work” can have different meanings. First, it can mean work done by heaven. For example, Xunzi (313?-238 BC) felt that heaven could give rise to all things. This is an inherent function of heaven; it is neither something humans are capable of, nor is it something th…

Musical sounds, or simply music, are artistically rhythmical sounds flowing forth from one’s stirring emotions. Ancient Chinese often made a distinction between musical sounds and plain sounds. Sounds created by a natural environment are plain sounds, while those created when emotions well up in one’s heart is music. A single sound is called shen…

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