This term refers to the time of peace and prosperity envisioned by Confucian scholars when all the people under heaven are one family, equal, friendly, and helpful to each other (as opposed to xiaokang [小康] – moderate prosperity). Confucianism takes universal harmony as the supreme stage of the development of the human society, somewhat similar t…
Shi (诗) is a major genre of ancient Chinese literature, the earliest literary form that emerged in China. Observing the requirements of a certain rhythm, rules of rhyming, number of characters, and type of verses, and using concise language and rich imagination, it reflects social life and conveys thoughts and emotions. Shi and wen (文) are two pri…
This concept is first found on the bamboo slips unearthed from a tomb of the State of Chu at Guodian Village, Hubei Province. According to the belief that the mandate of heaven or the way of heaven rewards the good and punishes the evil, virtuous individuals will be rewarded and become prosperous, while those who act immorally will be punished and l…