Jieyong (节用) means economy, or frugality of usage. Jieyong is an attitude regarding material property; that is, using property sparingly and reducing its unnecessary consumption. This term was often used to point out that those in government should not abuse the powers of their office to seize wealth from the people to meet their own needs or for …

Renren (仁人) means benevolent and moral people. Zhishi (志士) refers to one with lofty aspirations, resolve and integrity. This expression usually refers to a patriotic person who works for his people and country. Such individuals have a strong sense of right and wrong, and will sacrifice themselves willingly for a just cause. Their actions and spi…

The term originally refers to the texture of muscle, and later by extension it refers to well-organized principles in things. As a literary term, it was first used by Weng Fanggang (1733-1818), a Qing-dynasty scholar, to refer to two aspects: yili (义理 reasoning) and wenli (文理 structure). The former is about views or reasoning , primarily concer…

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