Music, as a way of expressing the inner feelings of human beings, allows no expression of false sentiment. According to the Confucian views on music education, a person whose heart is touched by what happens externally will naturally express his inner feelings through music. Therefore, music faithfully reflects the emotions and will of human beings,…
This term refers to improving a literary work by refining its basic content and making the presentation concise. Refining and deleting is a basic process in literary writing. The term was first mentioned by Liu Xie (465?-520) of the Southern Dynasties in his The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons. It means that in producing a literary work, t…
The term refers to vim and vigor found in a great work of art. It first emerged among comments on famed persons in the Wei and Jin period. Later, it was brought into the field of artistic criticism. The Tang Dynasty’s theory on calligraphy adopted the term to describe the artistic features of a calligraphic work. In his essay titled “Subsequent Co…