The term refers to an exegetical classification in which a Buddhist school, in order to bridge theological differences of various teachings or establish its own position and authority, ranks the significance and status of various scriptures. It is also known as jiaopan (classification of the tenets). Different schools and sects adopt different syste…

A man of virtue seeks to establish and practice dao rather than pursue his own livelihood. Men of virtue originally referred to males from the ruling class and aristocracy, but later referred generally to virtuous and talented individuals. dao here means fundamental principles and way of life; “livelihood” means basic resources for subsistence. As…

The term means broad-mindedness and a totally unconstrained artistic style in poetic works. It presents a perfect union of the author’s outlook on life, his peaceful mind, and the artistic form of his work. A broad-minded writer was often disheartened, who went into seclusion, caused either by frustrations countered in life or social turmoil, and h…

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