Shaping the mind through education was a key concept of the political philosophy and an essential way of governance in ancient China. Rulers usually used a combination of means, both visible and invisible, to subtly spread their values among people so that these values would be observed in people’s daily life, leading to integration of governance a…
The term has two meanings. One is the supreme ruler of the universe, also known as the Ruler of Heaven. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, wizards were the intermediaries between humans and the supreme ruler. They asked for his orders by means of divination and conveyed them to humans. The other meaning is the supreme ruler of an empire or dynasty…
This concept was coined by Mencius (372?-289BC), who advocated that one should make friends with a wide range of outstanding people. In addition to befriending contemporaries, one could also get acquainted with the ancients, reading the canonical texts left behind by them in order to understand their doctrines, ideas and views. In addition, he cons…