The ability to recognize individuals with both moral virtue and competence, or to discern the merits and shortcomings of people, has been a profound pursuit throughout Chinese history. Many historical classics suggest that the future of a well-governed state hinges on its ability to recognize and leverage the role of virtuous and competent individua…
Originally, the term referred to the natural order of things. Gradually its meaning was transformed into ethical principles, i.e., relationships between human beings, and fundamental rules, principles and norms regulating such relationships. Since ancient times, the Chinese people have continuously valued highly proper relationships between people.…
This term originally refers to an attitude in reading classics, requiring one to become deeply absorbed in the work as if one were submerged in water, repeatedly ruminating on its meaning until one is able to fully digest its significance so that it informs one’s own feelings and insights. In time this becomes a way of learning, impelling one to mo…