This expression means forming ties among people based on a common just cause and not forming ties for selfish purposes.Bi (比), meaning to be “close,” implies affinity or attachment. Here it describes a group brought together by a common just cause.Dang (党), referring to“cliquish,”implies bias and factionalism. Here it describes a group bro…
In ancient times, commentaries and proposals were submitted by officials to emperors to discuss state affairs and offer solutions. The term yi (议 commentary) refers to an official discussion and analysis of state affairs with the emperor to air one’s views, often different from that held by the emperor and other officials, and propose solutions. …
First used in “A Letter of Response to Li Yi” by Han Yu (768-824), this concept means that when a writer is virtuous and well-educated, his work will be rich in content and have a powerful message with the use of appropriate language and expressions. To make writings expressive, harmoniously rhymed and inspirational, their authors should have a lo…