The term refers to six techniques and aesthetic principles for painting formulated by Xie He, a painter between Qi and Liang of the Southern Dynasties. After studying famous painters of the previous age, he summarized his views on painting in six basic rules: dynamic style, forceful brush strokes, life-like image, characteristic coloring, careful a…
Pengyou (朋友) are people who are not kin but share the same aspirations and sentiments and can help each other. Representing a close social relationship between these people, friendship is one of the “five relationships” among humans defined by Confucianism, namely, relationships between father and son, sovereign and subject, husband and wife, el…
This term refers to the state of having left samsara, the circle of rebirth. The literal meaning of nirvana is extinction or blowing off, in contrast to affliction, which is burning like fire. It refers to the attainment of a purified state where one attains enlightenment and eradicates affliction, birth, and death. This is the primary goal for all …