Key Concepts in Chinese Thought and Culture

Public Opinion

This term means widely held ideas and attitudes among the general public. The term is made up of two Chinese characters, with the first yu (舆)referring to the general public and the second lun (论)to commentaries, perspectives, or opinions. All wise rulers in history paid attention to consulting the general public for their opinions before making p…

Two Handles

In this context, two handles mean a sovereign ruler has the power to both confer rewards and mete out punishments. Both are basic ways of governance and have been subjects of discussion in different schools of thought. Ancient scholar Hanfeizi (280?-233 BC) attached great importance to the role of rewards and punishments in governance, believing t…

Poverty and Prosperity Are Influenced by the Times.

This concept is first found on the bamboo slips unearthed from a tomb of the State of Chu at Guodian Village, Hubei Province. According to the belief that the mandate of heaven or the way of heaven rewards the good and punishes the evil, virtuous individuals will be rewarded and become prosperous, while those who act immorally will be punished and l…

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: The purposes of the Project are to select the concepts in Chinese culture and thought that reflect the characteristics of the country's traditional culture and the Chinese people's way of thinking, and that embody the core values of China.
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