Icchantika literally means one who desires. It refers to a person who is destitute of good conditions that lead to favorable results, such as awakening and liberation. Hence, it is also glossed as one deprived of merits. The major doctrinal debate over this concept is whether all sentient beings, including icchantikas, are capable of achieving the B…
Originally, this term referred to universal ways and the texts in which they are recorded. Later, it came to refer to written texts that set standards. Jing (经) here describes the warp yarns on a loom. Because warp yarns have to be steady for the weft to go through and thus create a woven fabric, it has come to signify underlying norms. Subsequentl…
The Confucian classics, such as The Book of Songs, The Book of History, The Book of Rites, The Book of Changes, and The Spring and Autumn Annals, are not only truthful and elegant in thought, but also rich in content and refined in style. Written for different purposes, these books vary greatly in style. Produced centuries ago, these classics were l…