Key Concepts in Chinese Thought and Culture

Win a War Without Fighting

This concept means that the ideal way to win a war is not through fighting. The purpose of starting a war is to defeat the enemy; but defeating the enemy does not necessarily require a war, nor is war the ultimate means to triumph over the enemy. Direct use of force is the last resort, not the preferred option. In the face of conflict and rivalry, o…

Emblems and Numbers

This refers to the emblems and numbers used in divination. Emblems are cracks in baked tortoise shells, and numbers are inferred from stalks used in divination. Emblems and numbers are the basis of foretelling the future. In The Book of Changes, emblems are divination symbols and the things they represent, and numbers refer to the odd and even numb…

Dao and Objects

This concept means generally applicable principles and tangible concrete objects, which are an important pair of concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy. Dao is invisible, concealed and metaphysical, while objects are tangible, visible and physical. The former represents unity of things, while the latter demonstrates diversity of things. However, the…

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: The purposes of the Project are to select the concepts in Chinese culture and thought that reflect the characteristics of the country's traditional culture and the Chinese people's way of thinking, and that embody the core values of China.
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