Wenhua (文化) means to cultivate the populace through rituals, music, laws and so on. The term encapsulates the concept of teaching people essential ideals and principles of human culture while guiding them to embrace goodness so as to build a social order that is both differentiated and harmonious. In the traditional Chinese context, wenhua is the …

One of the eight trigrams, it consists of three yang lines: ☰. It is also one of the 64 hexagrams when it consists of six yang lines: . According to scholars on The Book of Changes, as the qian trigram is composed only o…

Zongji (总集) is a collection of various authors’ poems and proses (distinct from bieji〔别集〕, a collection of a particular author’s literary works). In terms of content, an anthology could be either comprehensive or limited in selection. Chronically, an anthology can be a general collection spanning written history, or a general collection from…

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