This expression means forming ties among people based on a common just cause and not forming ties for selfish purposes.Bi (比), meaning to be “close,” implies affinity or attachment. Here it describes a group brought together by a common just cause.Dang (党), referring to“cliquish,”implies bias and factionalism. Here it describes a group bro…
The concept means different things in different contexts. In terms of institutions of learning, it refers to the institution of highest learning, the imperial academy, established by the state, which is different from local schools. When it comes to content of learning, it refers to what a complete man should learn, namely, general rules and princip…
The original meaning of this phrase is that a piece of white silk must be prepared before one can paint. The concept was then extended to mean that beauty comes from natural simplicity. From this, Confucius (551-479 BC) put forward the notion that benevolence and righteousness are fundamental and the code of ethics secondary, emphasizing that the te…