This term was first used by Laozi as a way to understand dao. He believed that one cannot understand dao by calmly observing everything unless one abandons all distracting thoughts and biases, and keeps one’s mind as clear as a mirror. Later literary critics believed that the state of mind as required for xuanlan has similarities with the state of …
This expression is used to describe prose and poetry lacking fluency because they fail to express their authors’ feelings freely, and instead borrow hackneyed allusions or phrases. Such writing is seen to lack flair, and comes across as unnatural and fragmentary. Juluan (拘挛) points to the lack of fluency as a result of artificial, rigid use of al…
"Emptiness" is not absolute nothingness. Rather, it refers to the fact that existence does not last forever. This term was explained in detail by Seng Zhao (384 or 374-414), who opposed the views derived from a prevailing misunderstanding of "original non-being" in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Commentators' interpretations of the "emptiness as non-subst…
The purposes of the Project are to select the concepts in Chinese culture and thought that reflect the characteristics of the country's traditional culture and the Chinese people's way of thinking, and that embody the core values of China.
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