Someone who deeply cares about the people will have a strong desire to seek out talent. “Talent” refers to outstanding people, namely those with high morals and skills; “the people” refers to the general public, and “loving the people” means “caring about the people.” The term “love” as used here does not refer to personal morality or indi…

This refers to an independent mind that refuses to be restrained. The concept was proposed by the Ming-dynasty philosopher Wang Yangming (1472-1529), who devoted his entire life to “becoming a sage first and foremost.” Politically, he looked down on those in power and high position. Intellectually, he challenged the School of Neo-Confucianism advo…

This term refers to the music of a state that is about to disintegrate. Later, it also refers to decadent and immoral music. The Confucian view was that music of a state on the verge of collapse tended to be dejected and demoralizing. As the downtrodden people endured immense suffering, their music and poetry were invariably full of sorrow and bitte…

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