A technique or style in creating literary works, it refers to the use of concise language in portraying a simple artistic image, whose rich feelings and implications are elicited in a subtle manner, so that readers can intuit multiple hidden meanings. One finds a straightforward and factual manner of expression in early literary and artistic works i…
A great healer can treat the ills of a country. shangyi (上医) is a skillful, first-rate doctor; “to heal a country” is to treat and eliminate its various ills. Originally this expression was used to describe how a great statesman resolved the various problems and flaws in a country’s governance, in the same way a patient's sickness was treated. …
Qu (曲) is a literary form that came into being later than poetry and ci (词). It generally refers to the northern- and southern-style melodies created in the Song and Jin dynasties. Northern melodies were composed mostly with tunes in northern China and performed in northern dialect, while southern melodies had southern tunes and southern dialect. …