Gu (故) denotes the cause of things. This causal connection, represented by gu, forms a fundamental relationship among things. Analyzing these causes is vital for discerning things. Understanding the causes shaping events enables one to handle situations appropriately and guide their development effectively.

This expression means one should both work diligently and be ready to mix with others. Ye (业work) originally meant studies; later, it came to mean one’s job or duty. Qun (群others) referred to fellow students and friends but it also included team members and society at large. Working diligently is about one’s attitude to work, while keeping good …

Speech and writing come from feelings and thoughts. This concept is used by Liu Xie (465?-520? or 532? ) of the Southern Dynasties to explain the origin of literary creation in The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons. It suggests that feelings and thoughts are the sources of language and all literary creation as well. Only when imbued with t…

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