Tianxiang (天象) signifies the various phenomena appearing in the sky, with xiang (象) denoting a visible event of an incorporeal objective presence. The ancient Chinese believed that both celestial bodies, such as the sun, moon, and stars, and meteorological symbols, such as wind, rain, thunder, and lightning, are not corporeal. Therefore, the phen…
This term means the suffering from afflictions. The implications of “suffering” in Buddhism are very broad. Namely it refers to the physical and the mental pain experienced in specific events. It also refers to the suffering when joy fades, up to the suffering that all is impermanent and changing. On the whole one speaks of “three kinds of suffe…
This is a saying of Hanfeizi (280?-233BC), who took the Daoist binary relation between Dao (the Way) and wu (物 the thing) and developed it into a ternary relation with an addition of li (理 pattern). He believed that li describes the attributes and principles of each and every thing in the world in terms of length, size, shape, solidity, weight, c…
The purposes of the Project are to select the concepts in Chinese culture and thought that reflect the characteristics of the country's traditional culture and the Chinese people's way of thinking, and that embody the core values of China.
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