Wu (无) is regarded as the original source or ontological existence of the world in classical Chinese thinking. Laozi claimed that “you (有) is born out of wu.” This concept was further developed by He Yan(?-249), Wang Bi(226-249), and other thinkers of the Wei and Jin dynasties, who maintained that heaven, earth, and all things in the world …

A state should regard righteousness as a fundamental benefit. The debate over righteousness and benefits has been a constant theme of discussion in the Chinese history of philosophy, because benefits were often seen as personal profits that might be wrongfully gained. Taking righteousness as the most important kind of benefit was a basic concept up…

The key to winning a war is to act speedily. And the key to victory in warfare lies in seizing the initiative. Seizing the initiative means seizing the opportunity, because war situations change rapidly and opportunities to fight come and go instantly. So the army must act quickly to ensure the suddenness and success rate of combat operations. Other…

More 》