Always keeping oneself joyful is the way to cultivate one’s mind and character. This proposition was advanced by the Ming-dynasty philosopher Wang Yangming (1472-1529), who believed that one should maintain a joyful mood and always stay positive. Even when suffering from illness, enduring hardships, or facing slanders and insults, one should never …
This term, first coined by Li Yu (1611-1680), refers to the last scene of the first half of a play. It includes the requirement for and techniques of concluding the first half of the play. Besides the structural completeness of this section, all the relevant characters and events should have appeared by now or been duly introduced, and no ongoing e…
Qi (气), or vital force, consists of two opposing aspects. According to the Song- dynasty philosopher Zhang Zai（1020-1077）, everything in the world consists of qi. On the one hand, qi is a whole and one thing；on the other, it consists of pairs of contradictory states, such as the real and the unreal, motion and stillness, concentration and diffus…
The purposes of the Project are to select the concepts in Chinese culture and thought that reflect the characteristics of the country's traditional culture and the Chinese people's way of thinking, and that embody the core values of China.
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