The term means to put forth one’s thoughts in a clear and concise way when speaking and writing. Confucius (551-479BC) opposed excessive efforts in pursuit of extravagant writing styles. He stressed that writings need only to express one’s ideas and feelings clearly and precisely, and he advocated a concept of aesthetics that valued the combinati…

Analogies in a literary work should be conveyed clearly, and associations, subtly. This is an important proposition in ancient Chinese poetics. Examples of analogy and association were first found in the six basic elements of The Book of Songs.“Analogy” means comparing one thing to another, with the focus on the external similarities of things, in…

Ancestral temples were built for the spirits of people's deceased ancestors. Tablets bearing the names of the ancestors were housed in the temples for worship and sacrificial purposes. In the ancient Chinese temple system, ancestral temples mainly referred to the special temples where kings, princes and others offered sacrifices to their ancestors. …

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