Key Concepts in Chinese Thought and Culture

Four Tones and Eight Rhythmical Errors

This concept refers to the four tones (the level tone, falling-rising tone, falling tone and checked tone) and the eight rhythmical errors. The conscious use of these tones and the avoidance of these errors were metrical norms for poetry creation proposed by the literati of the Qi and Liang reigns of the Southern Dynasties, such as Shen Yue ( 441-51…

Writings of Argument and Persuasion

This term refers to writings of argument and persuasion in ancient times. An essay of argument and persuasion was written to explore a theoretical issue in an in-depth way (lun) and make an argument about it to persuade people (shuo). According to Liu Xie (465?-520) of the Southern Dynasties, in writing an essay of argument and persuasion, one sho…

He Who Repeatedly Commits Wrongdoing Will Come to No Good End.

A person who repeatedly acts immorally will only end up in total failure. Buyi (不义) is an act which violates the principles of yi (义 righteousness). Righteousness is the moral code broadly accepted by a society； it is synonymous with yi (宜 propriety), meaning the observance of what is fit and proper. The Chinese have championed righteousness s…

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: The purposes of the Project are to select the concepts in Chinese culture and thought that reflect the characteristics of the country's traditional culture and the Chinese people's way of thinking, and that embody the core values of China.
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