When faced with gain one should first consider and distinguish whether the obtainment of gain is in accord with morality. This is a Confucian criterion for dealing with the relation between righteousness and gain. Between the pursuit of gain and the upholding of morality a conflict has long existed. Because people more often than not may covet perso…
This term means to honor teachers and respect rules. The “rules” are the laws of the (physical) universe, as well as the truths and moral principles of the world. Honoring teachers is a traditional Chinese virtue, and respecting rules is an important feature of traditional Chinese culture. A teacher is a vehicle for and a propagator of the rules;…
Wanting to live and not to die is only natural. A cardinal principle for those who took power was to save the people from disasters and win their trust. It was also what made governance legitimate. One should not drive the people to desperation so that they lose their will to live. Therefore the ruler should bear two things in mind: create all possi…