This term referred originally to the music used by emperors, dukes and princes when they held rituals and feasts. Since the Sui and Tang dynasties, it had come to refer to various kinds of popular music played during feasting and entertainment at court. The term “banquet music” was first seen in The Rites of Zhou, at which time such music generall…
The expression means fair and just. Gong (公), the opposite of si (私 private), means impartial and not self-centered. Zheng (正), the opposite of qu (曲 crooked), has two meanings. One is shared norms based on justice, and the other is making oneself comply with these norms in one’s behavior and stay unbiased and impartial in one’s relationship w…
The term comes from the book Mozi. Mozi (468?-376 BC) felt that heaven was the highest authority, and that heaven’s will was for people to love one another regardless of rank, namely “universal love.” Heaven would reward those who acted in accordance with its will, and punish those who contravened it. Given the supreme and irresistible authority…