The term means taking power from a ruler. Ge (革) means to change or remove. Ming (命) first referred to the mandate of heaven and later came to mean a ruler’s decrees and his mandate to rule. Changing the mandate usually involves replacing a ruler and a change of dynasty, in other words, overthrowing an old regime and establishing a new one. Peop…
To search for and retrieve one’s lost heart is a way to cultivate one’s morality propounded by Mencius(372?-289 BC). In his view everyone was born with a benevolent heart, which meant the “four initiators” of benevolence, righteousness, rites and social norms, and wisdom. These are virtues conferred by Heaven and the sources of human kindness. …
Have trust in one’s self so that one strongly believes in the correctness and validity of one’s thoughts and actions. One who has such a belief will give up neither one’s conviction nor one’s goals. He will neither waver nor submit to others. A strong sense of personal integrity underlies this sense of self-belief, which in turn wins the trust o…