Maximal functioning means that all kinds of appearances of Dao in the external world are the greatest manifestation and functioning of Dao. Daoist scholars believe that the internal Dao determines the basis for changes in the external world, and that all kinds of forms in the objective world derive from the active, innate nature of Dao, the result o…

The term first described the original state of everything, which is profound and mysterious. Laozi used it to describe dao and virtue as being in a profound and mysterious state, calling dao “a mystery within a mystery,” and advocating “inconspicuous virtue.” Ancient Chinese thinkers like Yang Xiong (53 BC-AD 18) and Ge Hong (281?-341) went a …

People should behave according to their own position and situation. This expression is said to originate in The Doctrine of the Mean. People in different circumstances have different duties to perform and different rules to observe. They can give play to their innate morality by proper performance of their duties. Therefore, people should not be mo…

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