Cheng (成), meaning “grow” or “consummate” as a verb, describes the gradual growth of things towards consummation. All things possess innate qualities and abilities from their birth or generation. However, for such creatures as humans, birds, beasts, and plants, these qualities and abilities need to be continually developed during their existenc…

This term means to thoroughly explore the fundamental nature and pervasive laws of humanity and all things, which includes the exploration of natural phenomena, cosmic laws, and local events. We must fully understand how all things are connected, so that we can contribute to all things flourishing in their roles. Neo-Confucian scholars of the Song …

A gua (trigram/hexagram) is a system of symbols consisting of undivided lines (—) and divided lines (- -). The undivided line (—) is a yang line while the divided one (- -) a yin line. Three lines make a trigram, and there are eight such trigrams. When six lines are put together, they together make 64 hexagram combinations. Trigrams / hexagrams an…

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