Family-state referred to the land owned by feudal lords and officials in ancient China. The land of a feudal lord was called “state” and the land of an official was called “family.” In ancient China, family, clan and country shared common structural features, all founded on the basis of blood relationships. This is the so-called “commensurabili…

The term is used to describe efforts to teach people essential ideals and principles of renwen (人文) and guide them to embrace goodness with the aim of building a harmonious – albeit hierarchical – social order, according to the level of development of a civilization and the specifics of the society. Renwen refers to poetry, books, social norms, …

Overcoming oneself means to conquer and control oneself. Everybody has his strengths and weaknesses, and he may succeed or fail in what he does. One’s strengths and skills bring success, whereas one’s weaknesses lead to failure. Therefore, one needs to make constant efforts to improve oneself, overcome one’s weaknesses, transcend one’s limitatio…

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