The term means the three standards used to measure the truth of an assertion. The Chinese character biao (表) in this term means standard or norm. Mozi (468?-376 BC) believed in judging right or wrong by following the three standards. The first one was the successful way in which the ancient sage kings had ruled. The second one was the actual exper…
The concept first appears in Zhuangzi. According to Zhuangzi (369?–286 BC), people and things cannot exist independently of their context, and thus are always limited and constrained by various external conditions, that is, they depend on something. But since the human mind is able to transcend the reality of its context and is not bound by extern…
Public trust is the foundation underlying state power. A good ruler does not cheat the people. This does not mean that the state has no secrets from the public. Rather, it means the ruler should keep his promise, govern the state by law, maintain moral integrity, and have the trust of the people. He must not abuse his power, be deceitful and cheat t…