This military concept was formulated by Sunzi, the ancient military strategist. It means that in directing a battle, one must not adhere to a predetermined plan. Depending on the specific situation, rapid adjustments must be made to make the best use of one's strengths and to avoid one's weaknesses, just as water assumes different shapes as its flo…
The cap wearing ceremony indicated that one had reached adulthood. In ancient China, when a young man came of age, at 20, an important ceremony was held to mark the event. During the ceremony, he would wear different types of caps, hence, the name of the ceremony. Such a ritual suggested that a young man came of age, not only in terms of his physic…
The concept means the use of concise language that conveys ample implications. Liu Xie (465?-520? or 532?) of the Southern Dynasties pointed out that this was a shared characteristic of the Confucian classics, and he also regarded it as a basic rule for writing in general. Simple diction is relative to the goal of expressing ideas – avoiding sup…