Have trust in one’s self so that one strongly believes in the correctness and validity of one’s thoughts and actions. One who has such a belief will give up neither one’s conviction nor one’s goals. He will neither waver nor submit to others. A strong sense of personal integrity underlies this sense of self-belief, which in turn wins the trust o…
This term refers to a world outlook and a way of thinking which hold that heaven and man are different. This explanation was first put forward by Xunzi(313?-238 BC), who did not believe that human morality and the order of human society emanated from heaven. He argued that heaven and man each had a different role and that they should not be mixed…
A country must estimate its annual expenditure in advance, and, on this basis, determine the amount of revenue to be levied on the people. This is known as “spend-and-tax.” It is a fiscal principle followed by all rulers since the Han Dynasty and contains the rudiments of budgetary thinking upheld by later generations.