This term refers to the emotional strength and the vitality of a literary work. It was first used during the Southern Dynasties, resonating with the social practice of making comment on people. The term was used to describe the emotional vigor and forcefulness of artistic works such as poetry, essays, calligraphy, and paintings. It is similar in mea…
This term refers to the state of having left samsara, the circle of rebirth. The literal meaning of nirvana is extinction or blowing off, in contrast to affliction, which is burning like fire. It refers to the attainment of a purified state where one attains enlightenment and eradicates affliction, birth, and death. This is the primary goal for all …
Zhu or benediction is a short essay written to pay tribute to gods and seek their blessing. Meng or a vow of allegiance is made by allies to gods. They both express a wish and a commitment to gods. According to Liu Xie (465?-520) of the Southern Dynasties, a zhu should be sincere in tone and plain in wording, without any pomposity or fanfare. A me…
The purposes of the Project are to select the concepts in Chinese culture and thought that reflect the characteristics of the country's traditional culture and the Chinese people's way of thinking, and that embody the core values of China.
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