This term originally referred to the general layout of a building. Later, it came to mean the overall framework and plot development of a piece of work of art and literature. In theories about calligraphy, it refers to both the structure of an individual character and the rules and layout of an entire calligraphic work. Strokes of varying lengths an…
Think in terms of oneself. This is the fundamental concept of Yang Zhu of the Warring States Period. He felt that to oneself, the most important things were one’s body and one’s life. Hence the main consideration in “for one’s own sake”is how to protect one’s body and life. In Yang Zhu’s opinion, people should observe the principle of acting …
All creative literary expressions draw on works of earlier writers. This concept, put forward by Huang Tingjian ( 1045-1105 ), a Northern Song literati, states that literary creativity should be based on extensive reading of works of earlier writers. At the same time, one should turn iron into gold by making creative use of the expressions and meani…