In the Northern Song Dynasty, Yang Shi (1053–1135), together with his friend You Zuo (1053–1123), went to visit the renowned scholar Cheng Yi (1033–1107) to seek his answer to some questions they had. Cheng was having a nap. Not to disturb him, they waited outside the gate, standing in heavy snowfall. When Cheng woke up, he was deeply moved and g…
Noble spirit is a powerful source of cultivating integrity in one’s life. In Mencius’ (372?-289 BC) view, it goes hand in hand with morality and justice and originates from within rather than from without. If one lives an ethical life and regularly conducts soul searching, he will be imbued with noble spirit and will willingly stand up for what…
Guan (观), namely observation, is a way for individuals to understand things. Generally speaking, it refers to the observer being outside of the thing being observed and using calm observation to examine and understand the existence and operation of that thing. Guan is different from the general meaning of kan (看looking). It implies a more comprehe…