The term, a shortened version of ren tong ci xin, xin tong ci li (人同此心,心同此理), was first proposed by Lu Jiuyuan (1139-1193). Xinxue (心学), the Neo-Confucian philosophy of Lu Jiuyuan and Wang Yangming (1472-1529),teaches that the innate knowledge of the human mind and the principles of the universe are in liaison, that truth transcends time…
This term refers to the poetic creation and achievements during the Kaiyuan (713–742) and Tianbao (742–756) reign periods of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, as compared with poetic writing in the early Tang, mid-Tang, andlate Tang periods. This period, marked by good governance, prosperity, and stability, was a golden era for the great Tang …
As the Chinese translation of the Sanskrit word "sama," pingdeng (平等) means the same level with no difference. As a fundamental concept of Buddhism, it originally meant that there was no difference between the various castes. Later on, in Mahayana Buddhism and Buddhism adapted to the Chinese conditions, such as Zen Buddhism, it was believed that t…