The philosopher Hui Shi’s (370?-310? BC) approach to commonality and difference among things was to unite them, regarding commonalities and differences as relative. There are bound to be small or great similarities and differences between any two concrete things. If we look at them from the point of view of commonality, all things have something …

"Private name" is a category used in the Mohist School for naming specific things. The Mohists stressed the importance of properly naming things in different ways to reflect their real nature. They had three ways to name things: unrestricted, classified, and private. “Private name” refers to the proper name for something, such as a person’s name…

Fish cannot survive in the water that is too clear. With no plankton in water, fish have nothing to feed on and are bound to die. This is a natural phenomenon. Drawing inspiration on it, ancient Chinese believed that one should not set the bar too high for a person or something, criticize a person for failing to be perfect, or be too strict with ot…

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