Yuanqi refers to qi in its original state, with yuan (元) denoting the beginning or the initial point. Yuanqi can neither be defined by shape nor be attributed to yin or yang. It existed prior to the emergence of heaven, earth, and all the things in between. After experiencing certain changes, it was separated into the qi of yin and yang, or that of…
This expression is used to describe prose and poetry lacking fluency because they fail to express their authors’ feelings freely, and instead borrow hackneyed allusions or phrases. Such writing is seen to lack flair, and comes across as unnatural and fragmentary. Juluan (拘挛) points to the lack of fluency as a result of artificial, rigid use of al…
This term shows that poetry should indirectly and mildly advise a ruler against wrongdoing. The critic should resort mainly to tactful and sensitive wording, trying not to appear blunt or offensive when admonishing the ruler. The term first appeared in the “Introductions to Mao’s Version of The Book of Songs”; it was created by Confucian scholars…