One should face reality calmly and follow its natural course. This is an attitude to life espoused by the ancient philosopher Zhuangzi (369?-286 BC). He believed that all things undergo spontaneous transformations independent of man’s will and that humans should face the changes of life and death calmly. However, this does not mean passivity or r…
The term means order and bestowment from Heaven. “Mandate of heaven” mainly contains three different meanings: The first is the order of heaven over human affairs. Such order first of all focuses on a change of the supreme ruler’s authority: Heaven empowers the virtuous to attack and replace a ruler who has lost his virtue, and thus enjoy the hig…
This concept stresses the civilizing role of music. Rites and music are means that everyone should often use to regulate their conduct and for introspection. When one grasps the essence of music, one will naturally follow the nature of music – harmony deep inside. Then personality traits associated with harmony, such as geniality, integrity, kindne…