In this context, two handles mean a sovereign ruler has the power to both confer rewards and mete out punishments. Both are basic ways of governance and have been subjects of discussion in different schools of thought. Ancient scholar Hanfeizi (280?-233 BC) attached great importance to the role of rewards and punishments in governance, believing t…
One should always be on alert against potential danger in time of peace. All ambitious rulers in history hoped to maintain enduring stability. They often reminded themselves not to indulge in pleasure and comfort, but to conduct diligent governance, work hard to make their country prosperous, and resolve social conflicts in a timely manner so as to …
Speech and writing come from feelings and thoughts. This concept is used by Liu Xie (465?-520? or 532? ) of the Southern Dynasties to explain the origin of literary creation in The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons. It suggests that feelings and thoughts are the sources of language and all literary creation as well. Only when imbued with t…
The purposes of the Project are to select the concepts in Chinese culture and thought that reflect the characteristics of the country's traditional culture and the Chinese people's way of thinking, and that embody the core values of China.
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