A person of virtue takes righteousness as a fundamental principle to guide his or her acts. A “person of virtue” refers to dignitaries or persons with great talent or moral quality. Righteousness means morality and justice, as well as derivative concepts such as social norms and duties. This concept demonstrates that the qualities of the elite ar…

When wealth is equal and its distribution is fair, people will not feel there is poverty. This was a concept of political governance propounded by Confucius (551-479 BC). Jun (均) means fair and balanced, with everyone receiving a share. Pin (贫poor), in contrast with fu (富rich), means receiving less. In Confucius’ view, whether a person is rich o…

This term means poetry creation should present the unembellished beauty of nature and the genuine sentiments of human beings. The original meaning of yingzhi (英旨) is good taste. Used as a literary term, however, it refers to charming content and aesthetic conception in poetry. In The Critique of Poetry, Zhong Rong(?-518?) of the Southern Dynas…

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