The term refers to all kinds of writings, including what we call essays and books today. In the Pre-Qin period, this term was subsumed under literature. During the Han Dynasty, the term referred to writings other than wenxue (文学 documents of previous dynasties) to specifically mean essays, articles, history books, and treatises. In the Six Dynasti…
Tong (同commonality) and yi (异difference) are opposing concepts that underpin a fundamental relationship among things. When distinct boundaries separate one thing from another, it implies that these two entities share some similarities while also showing differences in various aspects. The assessment of commonality and difference among things is cr…
The term of lotus rising out of water describes a scene of freshness, quiet refinement and natural beauty, in contrast to “gilded and colored” embellishments. During the Wei and Jin dynasties, people valued nature and favored this aesthetic view. In their artistic creations, they pursued the natural and fresh style like lotus rising out of water. …
The purposes of the Project are to select the concepts in Chinese culture and thought that reflect the characteristics of the country's traditional culture and the Chinese people's way of thinking, and that embody the core values of China.
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