Originally, this term meant to educate and influence people. Later, it came to refer to the function of shaping customary social practices, namely, the educational role of literary and artistic works in changing social behaviors and popular culture. Originating from “Introductions to Mao’s Version of The Book of Songs,” the term is one of the imp…
This term refers to a thriving, prosperous, and perceptibly refined society in which people behave in a cultured fashion. Wen (文) refers to the arts and humanities, including social norms, music education, moral cultivation, and a social order that is hierarchical yet harmonious. Ming (明) means bright, prosperous, and highly civilized. The Chinese…
Yan (言) means language, or words. Language is the basic vehicle through which people express thoughts and wishes, and with which they conduct exchanges. There are still debates regarding whether or not language can accurately and completely express thinking. For various reasons, language may be used by people – deliberately or not – to obfuscate …