This is a saying of Hanfeizi (280?-233BC), who took the Daoist binary relation between Dao (the Way) and wu (物 the thing) and developed it into a ternary relation with an addition of li (理 pattern). He believed that li describes the attributes and principles of each and every thing in the world in terms of length, size, shape, solidity, weight, c…

The term suggests that literary creation is affected by changes of the times. Author and literary scholar Liu Xie (465?-520) of the Southern Dynasties who used this term pointed out that literary creation is not an isolated phenomenon. Rather, it is affected by numerous historical factors, such as the prevailing social and political conditions, the…

The term is about appreciating and understanding the ideas in literary and artistic works and the thoughts of their authors. The original meaning was feeling a sense of resonance with music. It was later extended by literary critics in the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern dynasties to mean resonance or empathy between writers / artists and their …

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