This term stands for deep and genuine emotions. The expression already existed in Pre-Qin times, but only during the late Ming Dynasty did it become a term in literary theory, when playwright Tang Xianzu (1550-1616) introduced the concept into literary creation. Influenced by the leftist faction of Wang Yangming’s philosophy of the mind, Tang Xianz…
Reflecting often on what one does – this is a way of self-cultivation of virtue advocated by Confucianism. This school of thought holds that as moral integrity is established with one’s efforts of self-cultivation, one needs to constantly examine his words and deeds as well as what he has in mind as a fundamental way of improving himself. Zengzi(…
This is an important term about literary style that stresses the unity and integration of the styles of writings with the temperaments of their authors. The term originated by Liu Xie (465?-520) of the Southern Dynasties in his The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons. One chapter of the book discusses how the styles of writings are related to …