The three elements refer to heaven, earth, and man. When explaining the trigrams, Commentary on The Book of Changes proposes the idea of the “three elements.” In a trigram which consists of six undivided and divided lines, the first and second lines at the bottom represent earth, the third and fourth lines in the center represent man who lives be…

The first of these two Chinese characters means simple and honest. The second one means sparing of words. People should embrace moral standards with all their hearts rather than cultivate an ostentatious appearance in an attempt to seek fame and gain. To be simple and sparing of words underscores a determination to reject vanity, avoid pretentious …

This term refers to a playful approach to the composition of prose. Famed Tang Dynasty writer Han Yu (768-824), for example, wrote his “Biography of Mao Ying” and “Bidding Farewell to Poverty,” both dealing with serious themes, in a witty way. Playful writing thus became a style of classic Chinese prose. It stressed the entertaining, game-like f…

More 》