Highbrow and lowbrow, a dichotomy in literary criticism, refer to two kinds of literary and artistic works, namely, the refined versus the popular, and the lofty versus the vulgar. Highbrow describes works that are elegant and reflect what conforms with mainstream ideology, whereas lowbrow-art forms tend to meet popular aesthetic standard. From the …

This term, which originated from The Doctrine of the Mean (a section of The Book of Rites), means that one should at all times follow the principle of the mean. Confucian scholars regarded the mean as the supreme principle guiding people's behavior. They stressed that when handling things one should not act excessively or insufficiently. However, t…

The six arts may refer to two sets of content. They may refer to the Six Classics: The Book Songs, The Book of History, The Book of Rites, The Book of Music, The Book of Changes, and The Spring and Autumn Annals. Confucian scholars through the ages kept interpreting these classical texts, endowing them with rich significance. Theories related to th…

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