This saying comes from Sunzi, the well-known military strategist, who said that the best military strategy is “to defeat the enemy without going to war.” He listed two ways for achieving this: ( 1 ) the use of stratagems to foil the enemy’s plans; ( 2 ) the use of diplomacy to totally isolate the enemy. The opponent is thus forced into a hopeless…
This term means court calculation on major military and state affairs. The imperial court here refers to the place for officials to deliberate on affairs of state in ancient China. The purpose of calculation prior to war was to work out a strategy based on the state’s strengths and weaknesses. Sunzi’s view was that war was not merely a contest on …
A ruler who aspires to the kingly way treats the people as his tian (天) or the highest authority. Broadly speaking, this means that a leader who wishes to accomplish great things must consider the people to be the most important. The term wangzhe (王者) originally referred to rulers who unified the country through benevolent governance, that is, ru…
The purposes of the Project are to select the concepts in Chinese culture and thought that reflect the characteristics of the country's traditional culture and the Chinese people's way of thinking, and that embody the core values of China.
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