As opposed to wudai (无待 having nothing to depend on), youdai (有待) literally means “having something to depend on.” The concept comes from Zhuangzi. The author Zhuangzi (369?-286BC) believed that both humans and things are never independent of their surroundings and thus are subject to external restrictions. In other words, they always “have …
Masters of landscape painting are able to depict natural scenery which has vast breadth and distance on an inches-wide scroll. The artist does not just copy a scenery, but rather creates a work of art which integrates his artistic accomplishments and displays his heart and mind. The artist omits superfluous details and brings close a distant landsca…
Analogies in a literary work should be conveyed clearly, and associations, subtly. This is an important proposition in ancient Chinese poetics. Examples of analogy and association were first found in the six basic elements of The Book of Songs.“Analogy” means comparing one thing to another, with the focus on the external similarities of things, in…
The purposes of the Project are to select the concepts in Chinese culture and thought that reflect the characteristics of the country's traditional culture and the Chinese people's way of thinking, and that embody the core values of China.
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