The term refers to the literary style of the final years of the State of Wei in the Three Kingdoms period. It emerged in the Zhengshi era (240–249) under the reign of Cao Fang(232-274), also known as Prince Qi of Wei. Facing the harsh prevailing political conditions, literary figures of the era viewed life and the world in a broader and philosoph…

The law is born of what is most appropriate. This was the viewpoint of Liu An (179-122 BC), King of Huainan in the Western Han Dynasty. His belief rests on the principle that laws are intentionally crafted by people, acting as a compass for guiding their conduct. The foundation on which laws are built, or their intrinsic rationale, springs from a co…

Yuanqi refers to qi in its original state, with yuan (元) denoting the beginning or the initial point. Yuanqi can neither be defined by shape nor be attributed to yin or yang. It existed prior to the emergence of heaven, earth, and all the things in between. After experiencing certain changes, it was separated into the qi of yin and yang, or that of…

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